New standards for photovoltaic energy storage

Does California need a photovoltaic system?

With many factors increasing the need for reduced energy usage, lower emissions, and less dependency on fossil fuels, California’s latest energy code has implemented stronger requirements for photovoltaic (PV) systems, with a large percentage of new buildings now requiring not only PV but also battery storage.

Are there exceptions to PV and battery storage requirements?

Exceptions There are exceptions to these PV and battery storage requirements. Sometimes even code writers can see that a requirement just doesn’t make sense or that another code, due to safety requirements, may take precedence. These are the types of exceptions you will see here.

What types of energy storage systems can be used for PV systems?

Among the many forms of energy storage systems utilised for both standalone and grid-connected PV systems, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is another viable storage option [93, 94]. An example of this is demonstrated in the schematic in Fig. 10 which gives an example of a hybrid compressed air storage system. Fig. 10.

Should a building have more PV or battery storage?

Code requirements are just minimums and the best solution for a building may be to provide more PV or battery storage than required. For example, the minimum for a facility with separate covered parking may be driven by the area of conditioned space, not the available roof area.

How much does a photovoltaic system cost?

The levelized O&M for ground-mounted was found to be $18 while for floating photovoltaic was estimated to be $15.5 per kW annually for a 10 MW system .

What are the cost parameters for a commercial Li-ion energy storage system?

Commercial Li-ion Energy Storage System: Modeled Cost Parameters in Intrinsic Units Min. state of charge (SOC) and max. SOC a Note that, for all values given in per square meter (m2) terms, the denominator refers to square meters of battery pack footprint. The representative system has 80 kWh/m2.