Energy storage site planning in cold regions

How do seasonal thermal storage systems improve intermittency of solar energy?

Seasonal thermal storage systems overcome the drawback on intermittency of solar. Heat pump and solar collectors with low-temperature storage improve the performance. Climate, storage temperature, energy efficiency, and life cycle cost are discussed. A decision support flow chart is presented for selection of system options.

Which thermal energy storage system is best for space heating?

The double U-tube borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) integrated with ground coupled heat pump (GCHP) and evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) system was found to be most appropriate for space heating in cold climate zones.

Why is a low-temperature STES system more suitable for space heating?

The higher the storage temperature, the heat loss would be greater. Studies suggest, the low-temperature STES system would be more suitable for the cold climate conditions. However, the low grade stored heat cannot be directly used for space heating and a heat pump needs to be coupled to upgrade the temperature of delivered heat.

Can inter-seasonal heat storage system provide heat to small residential buildings?

Kroll and Ziegler investigated on inter-seasonal storage system with ETSC to supply the heat to small residential building based on theory and simulations. They found ETSC is capable of maintaining the high heat storage temperature above 100 °C. Fig. 3 shows a BTES system with heat pump and solar collector array. Fig. 3.

What are the different types of thermal energy storage systems?

The STES systems are typically categorised in four types; hot-water thermal storage (HWTS), borehole thermal energy storage (BTES), aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) and water gravel pit storage (WGPS). Among these types, the ATES and BTES are most commonly used due to their cost-effectiveness .

What are the different types of storage temperature?

In general, the storage temperature is divided into two major categories of low temperature (0–40 °C) and high temperature (40–80 °C) and four detailed categories of cold, low, medium and high-temperature ground storage as shown in Table 3, , . Table 3. Temperature levels for thermal energy storage , , .